Table of Contents
A. DTCC4.1 Transform Menu Bar
B. Input/Output System Description Area
C. Point Entry Area
D. Input Output Table Area
2. Distance and AzimuthCalculations
A. Distance and Azimuth Menu Bar
B. Point Entry AreaC. Output Table Area
A. Define User System Menu Bar
B. System Input Area
C. System Information Area
A. Define User Grid Menu Bar
B. Projection Area
C. Grid Constants Area
D. Bounding Rectangle Area
E. Exit
1. Coordinate ConversionTutorial
A. Selecting an Input and Output System
B. Manually Input the Geographics to be Converted
C. Transform, Replace, Delete and Cancel Selected Points
D. Transform Ellipsoid Height to Height Above Mean Sea Level
E. Saving or printing the Output Table
F. Saving Output Point Data
G. Reading Points from a File
H. Creating and Saving a User Defined System
I. Creating and Saving a User Defined Grid
2. Distanceand Azimuth Calculation Tutorial
A. Displaying the Distance and Azimuth Calculation window
B. Examining options
C. Doing an inverse calculation
D. Doing a forward calculation
E. Doing a series of inverse calculations
F. Clearing the output table
G. Selecting a previous calculation and editing it (replace,insert, add,delete)
H. Saving the output table
I. Printing the output table and clearing it
5. INPUT ANDOUTPUT POINT FILE FORMATS
6. DATUMSSORTED BY CONTINENT AND ELLIPSOID
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DTCC4.1 is the latest step in the progression of NIMA datum transformationprograms. This progression has two branches. The NIMAMUSE branch startedfrom MUSE MADTRAN with limited capabilities. Next came the DT&CC2 andCC3 programs which had greater capabilities but had difficult user interfaces.DTCC4.1 is a step to improve the user interface while maintaining the flexiblecapabilities of previous programs. The NIMAMUSE branch of programs is writtenin ANSI C and are multi-platform.
The other branch of datum transformation programs is the G&G (Gravity& Geodesy) branch. This progression started with MADTRAN 1, (2, 3, 4)with the latest version MADTRAN 4.2. The G&G branch of programs are PCDOS based, written in BASIC and are not part of the NIMAMUSE development.
This program supports all NIMA approved operations for converting coordinatesamong various systems (geodetic position, grids, and map projections), andfor transforming points between datums.
DTCC4.1 conforms to the standards of the Mapping, Charting and Geodesy UtilitySoftware Environment (NIMAMUSE) and runs on all of the computer systems uponwhich all of the NIMAMUSE applications run.
This guide provides detailed instruction on the operation of the DTCC4.1software.
See DMATR 8350.2-B for a complete technical description of the datums,ellipsoids, projections and grids used in this program.
DTCC4.1 allows you to perform:
- Datum transformation only or,
- Coordinate conversion only or,
- Combined datum transformation and coordinate conversion.
- Ellipsoid height to Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) and vise versa
- Inverse and forward distance and azimuth calculations.
- Build new coordinate systems from supported datums.
- Define new grids using supported projections and datums.
Choosing different datums for the input and output systems automaticallyproduces a datum transformation.
Choosing different coordinate systems as well as different datums in theinput and output systems results in a combined datum transformation andcoordinate conversion. If the input and output datums are identical, notransformation takes place, only coordinate conversion.
This section describes each window of the DTCC4.1 software and describesthe pull-down menus and dialog boxes.
The Main or Transform window allows the user to transform coordinates fromone coordinate system to another. The user may select input and output coordinatesystems from a list of the most commonly used systems distributed in thedata files plus any systems defined by the user. The user may change eitherinput or output coordinate systems at any time. The resultant output tablemay be saved as a file, or the output points may be saved in a text formusable as input to this program, or other programs. Figure 1 shows the DTCC4.1Transform window as it comes up at the start of the program.
A. DTCC4.1 Transform Menu Bar
This section describes all of the pulldown menu selections from the DTCC4.1Transform (Main) Menu Bar (see top of Figure 1 and Figure 2).
1. File
Open Input Point File
Opens the Input Point File Dialog Box. Any user defined points file in thecorrect format can be input by this method. For point file formats see Appendix1.
Save Table
Whenever a point is transformed, the input and output coordinates andtransformation information are written to the input/output table for theuser to see. See the bottom of Figure 2 for an example of what the tablelooks like. This menu item opens the Save Table Dialog Box where the tablecan be saved to a file which can be printed or viewed off-line.
Save Output Point Data
Opens the Output Point Data Dialog Box where the transformed points (output)can be saved to a file in a format that can be read back into the DTCC4.1program.
Print Table
Allows printing of the Table (input and output calculations). On UNIX platforms,a print command dialog is displayed allowing the user to customize the printingcommand
Print Setup
This command activates the system dependent print setup dialog. It is notactive on UNIX platforms.
Exit
Exits the DTCC4.1 program.
2. Options
Swap Input and Output Systems
Causes the Input and Output Systems to exchange positions. The point in thePoint Entry area is transformed to the new input coordinate system.
Vertical Datums
Allows the user to optionally also do transformations between vertical datums.Causes an elevation field to appear in the Point Entry section of the DTCC4.1main Dialog Box. See Figure 2. If this menu item is selected again, the elevationfield will disappear.
Clear Output Table
Erases the output table.
Distance and Azimuth Calculations
Brings up the "Distance and Azimuth Calculations" window (See Figure 4).
Define User System
Brings up the "DTCC4.1 Define User System" window (See Figure 6).
3. Input Systems
Opens the Standard Systems Selection Menu with the most used coordinate systemsto select from for use as an input system. User defined system names appearat the bottom of this list. The coordinates in the Point Entry section ofthe menu will be transformed to the new coordinate system.
4. Output Systems
Opens the Standard Systems Selection Menu with the most used coordinate systemsto select from for use as an output system. User defined system names appearat the bottom of this list.
5. Help
On Context
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
On Help
How to use Help.
On Window
How to search for Help Topics.
On Keys
Lists keyboard commands to navigate in Help.
Contents
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
Index
How to search for Help Topics.
On Version
Describes software used to develop DTCC4.
The pulldown Help selections above produce a window much like the followingdiagram, which is an abbreviated Help Window with the Menu Bar on top, andnavigation buttons on the bottom.
B. Input/Output System Description Area
The Input/Output System area (upper third of the Transform window) is usedto:
- Display the selected Input system
- Display the selected Output system
- Allow for selection of input and output Horizontal and Vertical datumformat.
For the input and output systems the dialog box displays: System Name, DatumName, Ellipsoid Name, Coordinate Type (Latitude & Longitude, MGRS, orEasting & Northing), Projection Name, Horizontal Data Format and VerticalData Format. The Vertical Datum format is only displayed when "Vertical Datums"is selected from the "Options" menu (Compare Figure 1 to Figure 2). TheHorizontal Data Format and Vertical Datum Format have selection boxes associatedwith them. When you click on the Horizontal Data Format selection box, threechoices are available: 1) dd, the default (decimal degrees), 2) dm (degreesand decimal minutes) and 3) dms (degrees, minutes, and decimal seconds).When you click on the Vertical Datum Format selection box the choices availabledepend on the selected Input System. The three possibilities are: 1) N/A(not applicable), 2) AMSL (Above Mean Sea Level) or 3) ELLP (Ellipsoid).
C. Point Entry Area
The Point Entry area (middle third of the Transform window) is used to:
- Manually input geographics and elevation (opt.) to be converted.
- Select between output options on the selected point (Transform, Replace,Delete, Cancel).
The right hand section normally has text entry boxes for Latitude, N, S,Longitude, E, W, and Height. When the MGRS grid system is selected as theinput system, then Grid Zone Designation, 100,000-meter Square, Easting andNorthing dialog boxes are displayed. When a UTM grid is selected as the inputsystem, then Zone, Easting and Northing are displayed. All other grids justdisplay Easting and Northing.
The following operations buttons are displayed at the left:
Transform
The Transform button performs the coordinate system transformation specifiedby the input information and adds the results to the end of the Output Table.Dialogs are displayed if there are problems in the input or calculations.
Replace
The Replace button performs coordinate system transformation specified bythe input information and uses the results to replace the currently selectedpoint in the Output Table. Dialogs are displayed if there are problems inthe input or calculations.
Delete
The Delete button deletes the currently selected point from the OutputTable.
Cancel
The Cancel button cancel operations on the currently selected point.
D. Input/Output Table Area
The Output Table area (lower third of the Transform window) is used to:
- Display the input and output systems and coordinates of the transformationsperformed by the user.
- Select points (double click) to Transform, Replace or Delete.
When a point in the "Output Table" section is selected, (by double clickingon it), all of the input and output system and coordinate information iscopied to the Input/Output System and Point Entry sections of the DTCC4.1window ready for subsequent actions by the user.
2. Distance and AzimuthCalculations
The Distance and Azimuth Calculations window allow the user to work withdistances and azimuths between points. Distance and Azimuth Calculationstake place on ellipsoids, so a selection of ellipsoids is available. Distancesare calculated along geodesics (the shortest distance between points on anellipsoid). Operations are of two types: forward (Figure 5) and inverse (Figure4). In forward operations, the user enters a starting point and a distanceand azimuth. An end point and backward azimuth are calculated. In inverseoperations, the user enters two points. The distance and forward and backazimuths are calculated. In addition, series of points may be calculated,with the end point being moved to the starting point for the next calculation.Angles may be entered in decimal degrees (dd), degrees and decimal minutes(dms), or degrees, minutes and decimal seconds (dms).
To display the Distance and Azimuth window, select "Distance and AzimuthCalculations "from the Options Pulldown Menu.
A. Distance and Azimuth Menu Bar
This section describes all of the pulldown menu selections from the DTCC4.1Distance and Azimuth Calculation Menu Bar.
1. File
Save Table
Opens the Save Table Dialog box where the user selects a file to which thetable can be saved. The file can then be printed or viewed offline.
Print Table
Allows printing of the Table (input and output calculations). On UNIX platforms,a print command dialog is displayed allowing the user to customize the printingcommand.
Print Setup
This command activates the system dependent print setup dialog. It is notactive on UNIX platforms.
Return to DTCC4.1
Leaves the Distance and Azimuth Calculations window and returns to the mainDTCC4.1 window.
Exit
Brings up a confirmation box to either Cancel, Return to the Main DTCC4.1Window, or Exit the program.
2. Options
Operations
Inverse
Allows the user to do inverse distance and azimuth calculations. The userenters two points, and the distance, and forward and backward azimuths betweenthem are calculated.
Forward
Allows the user to do forward distance and azimuth calculations. The userenters a starting point, a distance and a forward azimuth. The ending pointand backward azimuth are calculated.
Ordering Options
Independent Points
When this option is in effect, all points are independent of each other.
Serial Points
When this option is in effect, as soon as a distance and azimuth calculationis made, the end point becomes the current beginning point. Editing pointsin a series of forward operations is not allowed, since a change in any onepoint affects the entire sequence of subsequent points.
Begin New Series
When the user chooses the option, the program is put into series mode, anda new series is started. If the program is already in series mode, a newseries is started.
Format Options
This submenu brings up a choice of input formats to be used for enteringand writing the point location and azimuth angles. The choices are:
dd (decimal degrees)
dm (degrees and decimal minutes)
dms (degrees, minutes and decimal seconds)
Distance Unit Options
This submenu brings up a choice of units for distances. The choices are:
m (meters)
km (kilometers)
mi (statute miles)
nm (nautical miles)
Clear Table
Erases the output table.
3. Ellipsoids
Opens a pulldown menu with the list of supported ellipsoids to choose from.
4. Help (See Figure 3)
On Context
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
On Help
How to use Help.
On Window
How to search for Help Topics.
On Keys
Lists keyboard commands to navigate in Help.
Contents
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
Index
How to search for Help Topics.
On Version
Describes software used to develop DTCC4.
B. Point Entry Area
The Point Entry area (top half of the Distance and Azimuth Calculations window)is used to:
- Manually input geographics and/or distance and azimuth values to be usedin the calculations.
- Select between output options on the selected point (Add, Insert, Replace,Delete, Cancel).
The following operations buttons are displayed at the left:
Add
The Add button performs the distance and azimuth calculations specified bythe input information and adds the results to the end of the Output Table.Dialogs are displayed if there are problems in the input or calculations.
Insert
The Insert button performs the distance and azimuth calculations specifiedby the input information and inserts the results in the Output Table beforethe currently specified calculation. If the point is part of a series ofinverse calculations, the next and previous points are recalculated to preservethe series. Dialogs are displayed if there are problems in the input orcalculations. If the selected point is part of a forward series, this buttonremains inactive.
Replace
The Replace button performs the distance and azimuth calculations specifiedby the input information and replaces the current calculation in Output Tablewith the results. If the point is part of a series of inverse calculations,the previous point is recalculated to preserve the series. Dialogs are displayedif there are problems in the input or calculations. If the selected pointis part of a forward series, this button remains inactive.
Delete
The Delete button deletes the currently selected calculation from the OutputTable. If the point is part of a series of inverse calculations, the nextand previous points are recalculated to preserve the series. If the selectedpoint is part of a forward series, this button remains inactive.
Cancel
The Cancel button cancel operations on the currently selected calculation.If the selected point is part of a forward series, this button remainsinactive.
The right hand section allows entry of input values. For inverse calculations,this area has text entry boxes for two points, including Latitude, N/S,Longitude, E/W. (See Figure 4.) For forward calculations, the area has textentry boxes for one point and a second area for entering distance and azimuthvalues. (See Figure 5.) In addition, the selected ellipsoid name is displayedin the point entry boxes.
C. Output Table Area
The Output Table area(lower half of the Distance and Azimuth Calculationswindow) is used to:
- Display the input and results of the Distance and Azimuth calculations.
- Select points (double click) to Transform, Replace or Delete or Insert(before).
When a point in the "Output Table" section is selected, (by double clickingon it), all of the input information is copied to the Point Entry sectionsof the DTCC4.1 window ready for subsequent actions by the user.
The User Defined System window allows the user to construct a coordinatesystem not on the existing system list. This window is selected from the"Options/Define User Systems..." pulldown from the DTCC4 Main Menu Bar.
There are three starting points for the process of building a user definedsystem:
1. Start with one of the existing systems and modify it.
2. Start with a standard ellipsoid from the ellipsoid list, then choose oneof the datums defined on it, then an area of coverage and an optional grid.If no grid is chosen, the system is in geographics.
3. Start with a standard datum from one of the datum lists (which determinesthe ellipsoid), then choose an area of coverage and an optional grid.
After defining a system, the user may validate and save it, or validate itwithout saving it. Saving a user defined system adds it to the data files.See Figure 6 and Figure 7.
A. Define User System Menu Bar
1. File
Validate _ Save System
Validates and saves the user defined system using a system supplied nameor a user supplied name. A dialog appear s displaying a "System is Valid"messageif the system is valid, or an error message if the system is not.
Validate System
Validates the user defined system. A dialog appear s displaying a "Systemis Valid"message if the system is valid, or an error message if the systemis not.
Return to DTCC4.1
Leaves the User Defined System window and returns to the main DTCC4.1 window.
Exit Program
Brings up a confirmation box to either Cancel, Return to the Main DTCC4.1window or Exit the program.
2. Options
Define User Grid...
This brings up the Define User Grid window where a grid may be defined fromuser inputs.
Delete User Systems...
This brings up the Delete User Systems From List dialog so that previoususer defined systems can be deleted.
3. Standard Systems
Opens the Standard Systems Pulldown menu with the most used Datums, Projectionsand Grids to select from for use as a system. User defined system names appearat the bottom of this list. This is the same list displayed in the DTCC4.1main menu for input and output systems.
4. Ellipsoids
Opens a pulldown menu with supported ellipsoids to choose from. The Ellipsoidchosen will determine which datums come up in the Datum selection menu; onlydatums defined for the chosen ellipsoid will be displayed.
5. Datums
Opens a pulldown menu with fifteen datum categories. These categories generallyare associated by continent. When a datum category is selected, a side pulldown menu appears with a list of all the supported datums available in thatcategory. In this way, any supported datum can be accessed and used fortransformations.
6. Help (See Figure 3)
On Context
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
On Help
How to use Help.
On Window
How to search for Help Topics.
On Keys
Lists keyboard commands to navigate in Help.
Contents
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
Index
How to search for Help Topics.
On Version
Describes software used to develop DTCC4.
B. System Input Area
The upper third of the Define user System window is the System Input section(see Figure 6). It displays the ellipsoid selected from the menu choicesunder Standard Systems or Ellipsoids. This is the first step the user shouldperform. There are four selection boxes. The Horizontal Datum selection boxhas a number of entries dependent on which datum or ellipsoid was selected.After selecting a horizontal datum, the Area of Coverage selection box willdisplay a number of choices dependent on the previous selections. Next isthe Vertical Datum selection box. The choices are either AMSL (Above MeanSea Level), ELLP (Ellipsoid) or N/A if the user defined system doesn't havea defined vertical datum. The Grid selection box contains 3 standard gridsand the last entry is "User Defined...". If this last entry is selected,the "User Defined Grid" window appears, see the next section and Figure 7for more information.
C. System Information Area
The lower two-thirds of the dialog box displays all of the relevant systeminformation that has been selected (see Figure 6). It changes any time anysystem input is changed. The information displayed describes the horizontaldatum, the bounding rectangle, and the grid information.
When the user has completed the inputs, the next step is to Validate theSystem, or to Validate and Save the System, and finally Return to the DTCC4.1Main Menu. All of these options are pulldown selections from the "File" selectionon the Menu Bar.
The Define User Grid window allows the user to define a grid on a standardprojection. This window is raised from the "Options/Define User Grid..."pulldown from the Define User System Menu Bar. Begin by selecting a projection,then enter values for the parameters described. See Figure 7 below.
A. Define User Grid Menu Bar
1. File
Validate Grid
Validates the user defined grid and displays a "Grid is Valid" message oran error message with an indication of the data input problem.
Save And Return
Validates the user defined grid and displays a "Grid is Valid" message oran error message with an indication of the data input problem. If the gridis valid, the program returns to the Define User System window. To save thegrid for future sessions, select "Validate & Save System" from the "File"menu item in the Define User System window. A dialog box will appear forthe user to input a name for the system or grid in this case.
Cancel And Return
Returns to the Define User System window without any action on the grid.
Exit Program
Brings up a confirmation box to either Cancel, Return to the previous screen(User Defined System) or Exit the program.
2. Help
On Context
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
On Help
How to use Help.
On Window
How to search for Help Topics.
On Keys
Lists keyboard commands to navigate in Help.
Contents
Gives a clickable table of contents of topics where help is available.
Index
How to search for Help Topics.
On Version
Describes software used to develop DTCC4.
B. Projection Area
The Projection area of the Define User Grid window (see Figure 7) containsa projection selection box labeled "Name:". It has all the standard projectionnames to choose from. The origin of the projection is input by latitude andlongitude. The projection parameters are dependent on which projection isselected. Values for the parameters need to be input.
C. Grid Constants Area
The Grid Constants area is located in the upper right area of the DefineUser Grid window (see Figure 7). Input either False Easting or False Westing,and either False Northing or False Southing coordinates.
D. Bounding Rectangle Area
The Bounding Rectangle area is in the lower right of the window (see Figure7). A bounding rectangle is input next to define the scope of the grid. Ifit is a world wide grid, then simply select the world wide button. Otherwisefour bounding rectangle coordinates need to be entered.
E. Exit
Exit and return to the Define User System window by selecting either "File/Saveand Return" or "File/Cancel and Return" from the Define User Grid Menu Bar.
These tutorials present procedures for typical program use.
The coordinate conversion tutorial demonstrates procedures for convertingbetween coordinate systems, and also for developing custom coordinate systemsfor situations not covered by the distributed coordinate systems. This coverscapability formerly found in MADTRAN and DTCC2.
The distance and azimuth calculation tutorial demonstrates procedures fordoing inverse and forward distance and azimuth calculations. This coverscapability formerly found in CC3.
1. Coordinate ConversionTutorial
There are eight steps in this tutorial:
A. Selecting an input and output system
B. Manually inputting the geographics to be converted
C. Transform, replace, delete and cancel selected points
D. Transform ellipsoid height to height above mean sea level
E. Saving or printing the output table
F. Saving output point data to a file
G. Reading points from a file
H. Creating and saving a user defined system
I. Creating and saving a user defined grid
A. Selecting an Input and Output System
On the menubar of the DTCC4.1 Main Window you can select the input and outputsystems to be used in the transformation. The default input system is the"WGS 84" datum and the default output system is the "MGRS 84" grid. To changethe default, select the "Input System" from the Menu Bar. From the choicesselect "North American". Note that the input system information changed.Now select the "Output System" from the Menu Bar. From the choices select"WGS 84". When these selections are made, the Input/Output System sectionof the DTCC4.1 Dialog box will display the basic information about thesesystems. Step 8 of this tutorial shows how to select or create a datum,projection or grid that is not on the input or output system list on theDTCC4.1 main window.
B. Manually Input the Geographics to be Converted
In the Point Entry section of the DTCC4.1 Dialog box, select the Latitudeentry box and input "30.5" then select "North". Now select the Longitudeentry box and input "100.3" then select "West". On the "Options" menu, select"Vertical Datums". This action will add Vertical Datum dialog boxes in theinput and output system section so that the vertical datum can be selected.The choices are ELLP (Ellipsoid), AMSL (Above Mean Sea Level) or N/A in thecase of systems with no vertical datum defined. In both input and outputsystems, select ELLP for the vertical system. An elevation entry box in thePoint entry section will also appear so that an elevation can be input. Selectthe elevation entry box and input "1000". (Note that if the MGRS grid hadbeen selected as the input system above, that an error message would havebeen displayed after selecting "Vertical Datums" because a vertical systemis not defined in MGRS and some other systems.)
C. Transform, Replace, Delete and Cancel Selected Points
Now that a coordinate pair has been input, we can convert the coordinates.Select "Transform" in the point entry section. This generated an entry inthe Input/Output Table area of the window. Next, on the "Options" pulldownmenu, select "Swap Input and Output Systems". This will switch all the systeminformation in the Input/Output systems section of the window. Now select"Transform" in the Point entry section. This generated another entry in theInput/Output table. To replace an entry in the output table, select it bydouble clicking on an entry in the output table (it will become highlighted).Notice how all the input/output system and coordinate information valueschanged to whatever the table values are. Now change the latitude longitudeand/or height in the point entry section. Then select "Replace". The tablevalues will now reflect the values that were changed. To delete the secondentry, double click on the second entry, then select "Delete". The entryis gone. To cancel a selection, double click on an entry in the output table.Now select "Cancel". The selection is no longer highlighted.
D. Transform Ellipsoid Height to Height Above Mean Sea Level
Normally, the horizontal reference system is the same for the input and outputsystem when transforming from ellipsoid height to AMSL or visa versa. Ifyou want to transform a height from ellipsoid to above mean sea level selectELLP from the Vertical Datum pull down in the Input System section and selectthe AMSL from the Vertical Datum pull down in the Output System section.(Note that the vertical dialog boxes are not visible unless Vertical Datumsis selected from the Options menu.) Now select "Transform". If the horizontalsystems are different, both the vertical and the horizontal coordinates aretransformed at the same time.
E. Saving or printing the Output Table
The output table can be printed or saved as a text file. This file isnot readable as input by the program. It contains the data visiblein the Output Table area of the window, including input and output information.To save the Output Table to a text file,
F. Saving Output Point Data
To save the points that are in the output table in a form readable bythe program, select the "File" from the Menu Bar. Then select "Save OutputPoint Data". A dialog box will appear where you should input the name ofthe output file. Enter the desired file name, e.g., "data.txt" , and select"Save" (this file will be used in the next step of the tutorial). Only theOutput column numbers are saved. The Input column is not saved, and the systeminformation is not saved. You can also save the output table if desired byselecting that option. The output table cannot, however be read as inputback into the program. You can clear the output table by selecting "ClearOutput Table" under the "Options" pulldown menu.
G. Reading Points from a File
To read a points file into the program for conversion, choose the coordinatesystem to which the points in the file are to be converted using the OutputSystem selection on the Menu Bar. Then select "File" from the Menu Bar andthe choose "Open Input Point File". In the Dialog box select or type in"data.txt" or whatever name you selected and select "Open". Notice that theoutput table now has entries in it from the input point file saved previously.The input column has the geographics that were read in from the file, theoutput column shows the transformed geographics of those points based onthe current transformation defined in the DTCC4.1 main window. For thesetransformations to make sense, it is important that the input system definedin the main window and the system of the input point file are the same. Theinput point file must have all been saved in the same system for correctsubsequent transformations to be correct.
H. Creating and Saving a User Defined System
To create a user defined system (i.e.. a combination of a datum and/or gridnot included in the standard list) select "Define User System" under "Options"on the Menu Bar. The DTCC4.1-Define User System window will now be displayed.From this window you can select a Horizontal Datum, an Area of Coverage,a Vertical Datum and a Grid. The menu allows the user a selection of thestandard systems, ellipsoids currently defined and the type of datum. Selectunder the "Ellipsoids" menu the "Bessel 1841 [BR]" ellipsoid. Note how theselection boxes changed. Now click on the Horizontal Datum selection boxscroll bar and select "Bukit Rimpah". Now select the Area of Coverage selectionbox scroll bar and note that for this Horizontal Datum there is only onearea of coverage. Now select the Vertical Datum selection box. Note the choicebetween AMSL (Above Mean Sea Level) and ELLP (Ellipsoid). Select AMSL.Now select the Grid selection box and note the grid choices. For thissection of the tutorial, leave the grid system undefined. In Step 8, a userdefined grid will be developed. Now that all the user defined boxes havebeen selected you need to see if the system is a valid one. Under "File"from the Menu Bar select "Validate System". If the system is a valid onea message box comes up to tell you it is valid. Otherwise an error messagewill be displayed. After validation, select "Validate and Save System" under"File" from the Menu Bar to save your system to be used in subsequenttransformations. A dialog box will come up and ask you to enter a name forthe new system or accept the system generated name. Select Save. You cannow return to the main DTCC4.1 window by selecting Return to DTCC4 underFile. To use the system you just created, select the input or output systemsmenu item, the user created system name will be at the bottom of the pulldown list.
I. Creating and Saving a User Defined Grid
During Step 7 of this tutorial, a user defined system was created. In theDTCC4.1-Define User System window, select the Grid selection box and thenselect "Define User Grid...". This will bring up the "Define User Grid" window.Another way to bring up the "Defined User Grid" window is to select "DefineUser Grid..." from "Options" from the Menu Bar. The Define User Grid windowallows the user to create a non-standard grid by entering projection information,grid constants and boundary rectangle coordinates. This example assumesthat Step 7 of the tutorial has just been performed. Select Projection Name"Mercator [MRC]". Under "Origin" enter 0.0 degree Latitude and 110 degreesLongitude. Click on "Scale Factor at Origin:" dialog box and enter 0.997.Click on the "False Easting:" dialog box and enter 3,900,000. Click on the"False Northing:" dialog box and enter 900,000. Now you are readyto validate the grid. Under "File" from the Menu Bar, select "Validate Grid".A message box will appear and say "Grid is Valid" or an error box will appearthat indicates the improper data entry. Next select "Save and Return" from"File" from the Menu Bar. This will temporarily keep the grid informationin memory and return you to the "Define User System" window. To permanentlysave the user defined grid to a file, select "Validate _ Save System" fromthe File menu. You can enter a grid name or accept the system generated name.The user defined grid is now ready for use in the DTCC4.1 main menu. Select"Return to DTCC4" from the File Menu. It will appear at the bottom of the"Input Systems" and "Output Systems" pull down menus.
2. Distanceand Azimuth Calculation Tutorial
In DTCC4.1, distance and azimuth calculations take place in the "InverseOperation" window (see Figure 4), and in the "Forward Operation" window (seeFigure 5). In both of these windows, your intended calculations take placeby clicking the "Add" button in the upper left of the window. This actionwill also display the results of the calculation by "adding" it (appendingit) to the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows in the lower half of theDistance and Azimuth Calculation Window (see Figures 4 & 5). These subwindowsare also known as the "Output Table".
A. Displaying the Distance and Azimuth Calculation Window.
- Be sure that you are at the DTCC4.1 Transform window. If not, select "Returnto DTCC4" under "File" on the Menu Bar.
- Select "Distance and Azimuth Calculations..." under "Options" on the MenuBar. The Distance and Azimuth window will appear.
B. Examining options on the Menu Bar
- Pull down the "Options" submenu on the Menu Bar. You will see four options.
- Move the mouse down the "Options" submenu and examine the options availableunder each category.
- Under "Operations" you will find "Inverse" and "Forward" operations.
- Under "Ordering Options" you will find "Independent Points", "Serial Points",and "Begin New Series".
- Under "Format Options" there are three options for the input and outputgeographics: "Decimal Degrees", "Degrees and Minutes", and "Degrees, Minutesand Seconds".
- Under "Distance Units Options" you will find four linear distance units:"meters", "kilometers", "statute miles" and "nautical miles".
- For all of these four options, the option checked on the submenu will bethe one currently in use.
C. Doing an inverse calculation (see Figure 4)
- From the "Options" submenu on the Menu Bar, choose "Inverse" from the"Operations" submenu.
- Choose "Independent Points" from the "Ordering Options" submenu.
- Choose "Decimal Degrees" from the "Format" submenu, and "kilometers" fromthe "Distance Units" submenu.
- In the "Origin" (left) point entry box, enter 30 degrees in the latitudetext entry area, and click North.
- Enter 45 degrees in the longitude text entry area, and click East.
- Enter latitude 31.5 degrees North, and longitude 44.525 degrees East inthe "Terminus" (right) point entry box.
- Click the "Add" button, and the points you defined and the calculated resultswill be appended to the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows.
- Your results should be :
Distance: 172.40466 km
Azimuths: 344.824636 164.581749
- You can continue by defining new points, then calculating and appendingthe new results to the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows.
D. Doing a forward calculation (see Figure 5)
- From the "Options" menu on the Menu Bar, choose "Forward" from the "Operations"submenu. Notice the change in the right point entry area.
- Choose "Independent Points" from the "Ordering Options" submenu.
- Choose "Degrees and Minutes" from the "Format" submenu, and "nautical miles"from the "Distance Units" submenu.
- In the "Origin" (left) point entry box, enter 15 degrees, 45.0 minutesin the latitude text entry area, and click North.
- Enter 103 degrees 0.0 minutes in the longitude text entry area, and clickWest.
- In the "Input Distance and Azimuth" (right) entry area, enter a distanceof 60 nautical miles.
- Enter 30 degrees, 0 minutes in the Forward Azimuth entry area.
- Click the "Add" button, and the points you defined and the calculated resultswill be appended to the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows.
- Your results should be :
Latitude: N 16 37.139
Longitude: W102 28.758
Back Azimuth: 210 8.708
- You can continue by defining new points, then calculating and appendingthe new results to the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows.
E. Doing a series of inverse calculations
- From the "Options" menu on the Menu Bar, choose "Inverse" from the "Operations"submenu.
- Choose "Serial Points" from the "Ordering Options" submenu.
- Choose "Decimal Degrees" from the "Format Options" submenu, and "meters"from the "Distance Units Options" submenu.
- In the "Origin" (left) point entry box, enter latitude 20 degrees North,and longitude 70 degrees West.
- In the "Terminus" (right) point entry box enter latitude 20.2 degrees North,and longitude 71.4 degrees West.
- Click the "Add" button, and the points you defined and the calculated resultswill be appended to the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows. In addition,the coordinates from the "Terminus" box will be entered into the "Origin"box. Note: these new values in the "Origin" box are not editable.
- Your results should be :
Distance: 148077.32 m
Azimuths: 278.839455 98.358309
- Since you chose "Serial Points" above, you are set up to continue to addpoint to your series. Enter a third point in the "Terminus" (right) pointentry box: latitude 20.4 degrees North, and longitude 72.8 degrees West.
- Click the "Add" button again, and this point and the calculated resultswill be appended to the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows. Notice thatthe Origin of the newly added point is the same as the Terminus of the previouspoint.
- Your results should be :
Distance: 147892.68 m
Azimuths: 278.852762 98.367030
F. Clearing the output table
- To clear the table, click "Clear Table" under the "Options" menu.
G. Editing a series of points/calculations (replace, insert, add,delete)
After performing a series of calculations as in step E above, you are ableto edit the output on a point-by-point basis. The following steps will showhow to 1) replace the coordinates of existing points in a series with newcoordinate values, 2) insert a new point in an existing series of points,3) add (append) a new point to an existing series of points and 4) deletean existing point from a series of points.
Set Up
- From the "Options" menu on the Menu Bar, choose "Inverse" from the "Operations"submenu.
- Choose "Serial Points" from the "Ordering Options" submenu.
- Choose "Decimal Degrees" from the "Format Options" submenu, and "nauticalmiles" from the "Distance Units Options" submenu.
- Enter this point in the "Origin" point entry area: latitude 40.0 North,longitude 50.0 East.
- Enter this point in the "Terminus" point entry area: latitude 41.0 North,longitude 51.0 East.
- Click the "Add" button to appended these points and the calculated resultsto the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows. Since this is a series ofpoints, the Terminus values will now be copied into the Origin area and theOrigin area will be inactivated.
- Now add the following points in the Terminus area to create your series:
latitude 42.0 North, longitude 52.0 East, click "Add";
latitude 43.0 North, longitude 53.0 East, click "Add";
- The calculated results appearing in the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows(a.k.a. Output Table) should look like this:
Replace
- This example will replace the values of two points within a single calculation.Select the second calculation by double clicking on it in the table (doubleclicking on any of the three lines of the second calculation will selectand highlight all three lines of the calculation). A "Series Edit Dialog"dialog box will appear telling you that the point is part of a series ofpoints, and asking you what you want to do with it (see Figure 9).
- Click the "Replace or Delete a Point?" button in the "Series Edit Dialog"dialog box. The Origin and Terminus values will automatically be placed inthe point entry area.
- In the point entry area, change (replace, that is) the value of the Originto the new values of latitude 40.5 North, longitude 50.5 East, and the valueof the Terminus to new values of latitude 41.5 North, longitude 51.5 East.
- Now Click the "Replace" button to the left of the point entry area. Anotherdialog will appear notifying you that this point is part of a series, andasking you if you want to integrate it into the series (see Figure 10).
- Click the "Yes" button. Notice that both the Terminus Point of the firstcalculation and the Origin Point of the third calculation have been changedto keep the series intact.
- The calculated results appearing in the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows(a.k.a. Output Table) should look like this:
Insert
- Next double click on the third calculation in the table. A dialog willappear telling you that the point is part of a series of points, and askingyou what you want to do with it (see Figure 9).
- Click the "Insert a Point (Before this one)?" button. Only the Origin willbe editable.
- In the point entry area, change the value of the Origin to 42.5 North,52.5 East, then click the "Insert" button to the left of the point entryarea. The Series Integration Dialog will appear (see Figure 10).
- Click the "Yes" Button. Notice that the third point has been changed tokeep the series intact.
- The calculated results appearing in the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows(a.k.a. Output Table) should look like this:
Add
- Now double click on the fourth calculation. The Series Edit Dialog willappear.
- Click the "ADD a Point (After this one)?" button.
- In the point entry area, enter the value of the Terminus to new valuesof latitude 44.0 North, longitude 54.0 East.
- Click the "Add" button to append these points and the calculated resultsto the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows.
- The calculated results appearing in the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows(a.k.a. Output Table) should look like this:
Delete
- Now double click on the third calculation to delete the Origin point ofthat calculation. The Series Edit Dialog will appear.
- Click the "Replace or Delete a Point?" button.
- Now click the "Delete" button to the left of the point entry area. Theseries integration dialog will appear. Click the "Yes" button. The Originpoint will be deleted and the points on either side of it will be updatedto keep the series intact.
- The calculated results appearing in the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows(a.k.a. Output Table) should look like this:
[Note: The process of editing points that are NOT in a series is the sameas described above, except that the series edit dialog boxes will not appear.]
H. Saving the output table
As was stated above, the "Input" and "Output" display subwindows in the lowerhalf of the Distance and Azimuth Calculation Window are also known as the"Output Table". Your output results (the output table) can be saved as atext file. This file will contain the text that is currently displayed inthe Output Table area of the window.
- To save the Output Table to a text file, choose "Save Table" from the "File"menu on the Menu Bar. A File Selection dialog typical for your platform willappear.
- Choose a directory or folder where you have write permissions, if it isrelevant for your platform.
- Save the Output Table (for this exercise) as "table.txt". (In practice,you can assign this text file any name you like.) You can now view the file"table.txt" using any text editor.
I. Printing the output table and clearing it
- To print the Output Table, click on "Print Table" (your computer must beattached to a printer. Check the printer setup by clicking "Print Setup"under the "File" menu. (The "Print Setup" button is inactive on UNIX platforms)
area of coverage: An area within which the datum shifts (from itsdefined ellipsoid) are further refined.
azimuth: The angle from north (0, 360) made by the geodesic connectingtwo points.
coordinate conversion: The conversion of a geodetic point (Lat., Long.)to a metric (Easting, Northing) on a specified grid, or vice versa.
coordinate system: A completely defined system consisting of adatum with the corresponding ellipsoid, an area of coverage,and an optional grid. Commonly used systems are pre-defined, andadditional systems may be defined by the user.
datum: As used in this manual, datum refers to the geodetic or horizontaldatum. The classical datum is defined by five elements giving the positionof the origin (two elements), the orientation of the network (one element)and the parameters of a reference ellipsoid (two elements). More recentdefinitions express the position and orientation as a function of the deviationsin the meridian and in the prime vertical, the geoid-ellipsoidseparations, and parameters of a reference ellipsoid with respect to thecenter of mass of the Earth. As used in DTCC4, local datums are defined bytheir transformations from WGS84.
datum transformation: The transformation of a geodetic point on onedatum to its equivalent position on another datum.
distance: The distances calculated by DTCC4.1 are calculated alongthe geodesic between two points.
easting: Eastward (that is, left to right) reading of grid valueson a map.
ellipsoid: A three-dimensional figure generated by the revolutionof an ellipse about one of its axes. The ellipsoid that approximates thegeoid is an ellipse rotated about its minor axis.
geodesic: The shortest distance between two points on the surfaceof an ellipsoid.
geoid: The equipotential surface in the Earth's gravity field approximatesthe undisturbed mean sea level extended continuously through the continents.The direction of gravity is perpendicular to the geoid at every point. Thegeoid is the surface of reference for astronomic observations and for geodeticleveling.
grid: Two sets of parallel lines intersecting at right angles andforming squares; a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system that is superimposedon maps, charts and other similar representations of the Earth's surfacein an accurate and consistent manner to permit identification of ground locationswith respect to other locations and the computation of direction and distanceto other points.
map projection: An orderly system of lines on a plane representinga corresponding system of imaginary lines on an adopted terrestrialdatum surface. A map projection may be derived by geometrical constructionor by mathematical analysis.
projection: See map projection.
Military Grid Reference System( MGRS): The alphnumeric position reportingsystem used by the U.S. military. A full description can be found in DMATM 8358.1, chapter 3.
non-universal grids: Grids other than UTM and UPS grids, suchas British National Grid, Irish Transverse Mercator Grid, Madagascar Grid,and New Zealand Grid. Also referred to as non-standard grids.
northing: Northward (bottom to top) reading of grid values on a map.
spheroid: A mathematical figure closely approaching the geoid in formand size, used as a surface of reference for geodetic surveys. (See alsoellipsoid).
standard system: A coordinate system in the list of systemsdistributed in data files meant to be used with DTCC4.
universal grids: The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) gridand the Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) grid. Also referred to as standardgrids.
World Geographic Reference System (GEOREF): A worldwide position referencesystem that may be applied to any map or chart graduated in latitude andlongitude (with Greenwich as the prime meridian) regardless of projection.It provides a method of expressing positions in a form suitable for reportingand plotting. The primary use is for interservice and interallied reportingof aircraft and air target positions.
5. INPUT ANDOUTPUT POINT FILE FORMATS
INPUT FILE FORMAT
The input point file consists of a list of points, one to a line. Optionally,the file can contain points in more than one coordinate system, in whichcase the different groups of points are separated by comments specifyingthe coordinate system. See OUTPUT FILE FORMAT for an example.
There are actually six formats used: three geographic and three grid.
The three geographic formats are:
decimal degrees (dd)
degrees and minutes (dm)
degrees, minutes and seconds(dms)
The three grid formats are:
Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
a generalized grid format for other grids
Example input for each:
decimal degrees:N 0.49695, E 0.08047S 0.49695, W 0.0804714.72485, -1.58383-14.96538, 1.55860degrees and minutes:N 34 0.000, W 123 0.000S 45 0.000, E 123 0.00034 0.000, -123 0.000-45 0.000, 123 0.000 degrees, minutes and seconds:S 45 0 0.0, E 123 0 0.0N 45 32 34.8, W 76 27 54.0-45 0 0.0, 123 0 0.045 32 34.8, -76 27 54.0Cartesian10000000 36000 47000123Military Grid Reference System:19NGP2143731893 10WDK997012986510SDN9970161397Universal Transverse Mercator42N 453588.98, 8659162.0019S 546411.02, 1340838.0019N 722292.17, 331796.29Other grid:25285041.29 m, 28636768.94 m453588.98, 8659162.00
Output File Format
Since the output file may contain more than one system, a system is designatedfor each group of one or more points. This designation consists of a singleline, starting with a '#' sign followed by the system name. This output fileis readable by the program, which will change the input system to correspondwith the designated system.
There are actually six formats used: three geographic and three grid.
The three geographic formats are:
decimal degrees (dd)
degrees and minutes (dm)
degrees, minutes and seconds(dms)
The three grid formats are:
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)
a generalized grid format for other grids
This is an example of an output file containing all six formats:
# World Geodetic System 1984:N 0.49695, E 0.08047N 14.72485, W 1.58383N 14.96538, W 1.55860# World Geodetic System 1984:N 34 0.000 W 123 0.000S 45 0.000 E 123 0.000# World Geodetic System 1984:S 45 0 0.0 E 123 0 0.0S 45 32 34.8 W 76 27 54.0# Universal Transverse Mercator 84:42N 453588.98, 8659162.0019S 546411.02, 1340838.0019N 722292.17, 331796.29# Military Grid Reference System TD:19NGP214373189310WDK997012986510SDN9970161397# New Zealand Map Grid:25285041.29 m, 28636768.94 m722292.17 m, 331796.29 m
6. DATUMSSORTED BY CONTINENT AND ELLIPSOID
CONTINENT
[DATUM NAME ABBREVIATION] DATUM NAME
AREA OF COVERAGE
WORLD_WIDE_DATUMS
[W66] WGS 1966
Global Definition I
[W72] WGS 1972
Global Definition I
[W84] WGS 1984
Global Definition II
NORTH_AMERICAN_DATUMS
[CAC] Cape Canaveral
Bahamas, Florida
[NAR-A] North American 1983
Alaska (Excluding Aleutian Islands)
[NAR-B] North American 1983
Canada
[NAR-C] North American 1983
CONUS
[NAR-D] North American 1983
Mexico, Central America
[NAR-E] North American 1983
Aleutian Ids
[NAS-A] North American 1927
MEAN FOR CONUS (East, Incl LA,MO,MN)
[NAS-B] North American 1927
MEAN FOR CONUS (West, Excl LA,MN,MO)
[NAS-C] North American 1927
MEAN FOR CONUS
[NAS-D] North American 1927
Alaska (Excluding Aleutian Ids)
[NAS-E] North American 1927
MEAN FOR Canada
[NAS-F] North American 1927
Canada (Alberta, British Columbia)
[NAS-G] North American 1927
Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland,Nova Scotia, Quebec)
[NAS-H] North American 1927
Canada (Manitoba, Ontario)
[NAS-I] North American 1927
Canada (Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan)
[NAS-J] North American 1927
Canada (Yukon)
[NAS-L] North American 1927
Mexico
[NAS-N] North American 1927
MEAN FOR NAD27 Central America
[NAS-O] North American 1927
Canal Zone
[NAS-P] North American 1927
MEAN FOR NAD27 West Indies
[NAS-Q] North American 1927
Bahamas (Except San Salvador Island)
[NAS-R] North American 1927
Bahamas (San Salvador Island)
[NAS-T] North American 1927
Cuba
[NAS-U] North American 1927
Greenland (Hayes Peninsula)
[NAS-V] North American 1927
Alaska (Aleutian Ids East of 180W)
[NAS-W] North American 1927
Alaska (Aleutian Ids West of 180W)
[QUO] Qornoq
Greenland (South)
[NAR-H] North American 1983
Hawaii
[OHA-A] Old Hawaiian
Hawaii
[OHA-B] Old Hawaiian
Kauai
[OHA-C] Old Hawaiian
Maui
[OHA-D] Old Hawaiian
Oahu
[OHA-M] Old Hawaiian
MEAN FOR Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Oahu
SOUTH_AMERICAN_DATUMS
[BOO] Bogota Observatory
Colombia
[CAI] Campo Inchauspe
Argentina
[CHU] Chua Astro
Paraguay
[COA] Corrego Alegre
Brazil
[DAL] Dabola
Guinea
[HIT] Provisional South Chilean 1963
Chile (South, Near 53ØS) (Hito XVIII)
[PRP-A] Provisional South American 1956
Bolivia
[PRP-B] Provisional South American
1956 Chile (Northern, Near 19ØS)
[PRP-C] Provisional South American 1956
Chile (Southern, Near 43ØS)
[PRP-D] Provisional South American 1956
Colombia
[PRP-E] Provisional South American 1956
Ecuador
[PRP-F] Provisional South American 1956
Guyana
[PRP-G] Provisional South American 1956
Peru
[PRP-H] Provisional South American 1956
Venezuela
[PRP-M] Provisional South American 1956
MEAN FOR PSAD56
[SAN-A] South American 1969
Argentina
[SAN-B] South American 1969
Bolivia
[SAN-C] South American 1969
Brazil
[SAN-D] South American 1969
Chile
[SAN-E] South American 1969
Colombia
[SAN-F] South American 1969
Ecuador
[SAN-G] South American 1969
Guyana
[SAN-H] South American 1969
Paraguay
[SAN-I] South American 1969
Peru [69]
[SAN-J] South American 1969
Ecuador (Baltra, Galapagos)
[SAN-K] South American 1969
Trinidad & Tobago
[SAN-L] South American 1969
Venezuela
[SAN-M] South American 1969
MEAN FOR SAD69
[YAC] Yacare
Uruguay
AFRICAN_DATUMS
[ADI-A] Adindan
Ethiopia
[ADI-B] Adindan
Sudan
[ADI-C] Adindan
Mali
[ADI-D] Adindan
Senegal
[ADI-E] Adindan
Burkina Faso
[ADI-F] Adindan
Cameroon
[ADI-M] Adindan
MEAN FOR Ethiopia, Sudan
[AFG] Afgooye
Somalia
[ARF-A] Arc 1950
Botswana
[ARF-B] Arc 1950
Lesotho
[ARF-C] Arc 1950
Malawi
[ARF-D] Arc 1950
Swaziland
[ARF-E] Arc 1950
Zaire
[ARF-F] Arc 1950
Zambia
[ARF-G] Arc 1950
Zimbabwe
[ARF-H] Arc 1950
Burundi
[ARF-M] Arc 1950
MEAN FOR ARC50 (except Burundi)
[ARS] Arc 1960
MEAN FOR Kenya, Tanzania
[BID] Bissau
Guinea-Bissau
[CAP] Cape
South Africa
[CGE] Carthage
Tunisia
[LEH] Leigon
Ghana
[LIB] Liberia 1964
Liberia
[MAS] Massawa
Ethiopia (Eritrea)
[MER] Merchich
Morocco
[MIN-A] Minna
Cameroon
[MIN-B] Minna
Nigeria
[MPO] M'Poraloko
Gabon
[NSD] North Sahara 1959
Algeria
[OEG] Old Egyptian 1907
Egypt
[PTB] Point 58
MEAN FOR Burkina Faso & Niger
[PTN] Pointe Noire 1948
Congo
[SCK] Schwarzeck
Namibia
[SLE] Sierra Leone 1960
Sierra Leone
[TAN] Tananarive Observatory 1925
Madagascar
[VOR] Voirol 1960
Algeria
[ZAN] Zanderij
Suriname
[EUR-F] European 1950
Egypt
[EUR-T] European 1950
Tunisia
ASIAN_DATUMS
[AIN-A] Ain el Abd 1970
Bahrain
[AIN-B] Ain el Abd 1970
Saudi Arabia
[FAH] Oman
Oman
[HEN] Herat North
Afghanistan
[HKD] Hong Kong 1963
Hong Kong
[HTN] Hu-Tzu-Shan
Taiwan
[IDN] Indonesian
Indonesia
[IND-B] Indian
Bangladesh
[IND-I] Indian
India, Nepal
[IND-P] Indian
Pakistan
[INF-A] Indian 1954
Thailand, Vietnam
[ING-A] Indian 1960
Vietnam (Near 16N)
[ING-B] Indian 1960
Vietnam (Con Son Island)
[INH-A] Indian 1975
Thailand
[KAN] Kandawala
Sri Lanka
[KEA] Kertau 1948
West Malaysia & Singapore
[KOR] Korean Geodetic System
South Korea
[LUZ-A] Luzon
Philippines (Excluding Mindanao)
[LUZ-B] Luzon
Philippines (Mindanao)
[NAH-A] Nahrwan
Oman (Masirah Island)
[NAH-B] Nahrwan
United Arab Emirates
[NAH-C] Nahrwan
Saudi Arabia
[QAT] Qatar National
Qatar
[SOA] South Asia
Singapore
[TIL] Timbalai 1948
Brunei, East Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)
[TOY-A] Tokyo
Japan
[TOY-B] Tokyo
South Korea
[TOY-C] Tokyo
Okinawa
[TOY-M] Tokyo
MEAN FOR Japan, South Korea, Okinawa
[EUR-H] European 1950
Iran
[EUR-S] European 1950
MEAN FOR ED50 Near East
[PUK] Pulkovo 1942
Russia
EUROPEAN_DATUMS
[CCD] S-JTSK
Czechoslovakia (Prior 1 JAN 1993)
[EUR-A] European 1950
MEAN FOR NW Europe
[EUR-B] European 1950
Greece
[EUR-C] European 1950
Finland, Norway
[EUR-D] European 1950
Portugal, Spain
[EUR-E] European 1950
Cyprus
[EUR-G] European 1950
England, Channel Islands, Scotland, Shetland Islands
[EUR-I] European 1950
Italy (Sardinia)
[EUR-J] European 1950
Italy (Sicily)
[EUR-K] European 1950
England, Ireland, Scotland, Shetland Islands
[EUR-L] European 1950
Malta
[EUR-M] European 1950
MEAN FOR ED50 W Europe
[EUS] European 1979
MEAN FOR ED79
[HER] Hermannskogel
Croatia,Serbia,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Slovenia
[HJO] Hjorsey 1955
Iceland
[IRL] Ireland 1965
Ireland
[MOD] Rome 1940
Italy (Sardinia)
[OGB-A] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
England
[OGB-B] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
England, Isle of Man, Wales
[OGB-C] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
Scotland, Shetland Islands
[OGB-D] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
Wales
[OGB-M] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
MEAN FOR OSGB36
[SPK-A] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Albania
[SPK-C] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Czechoslavakia
[SPK-H] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Hungary
[SPK-K] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Kazakhstan
[SPK-L] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Latvia
[SPK-P] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Poland
[SPK-R] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Romania
[EUR-F] European 1950
Egypt
[EUR-T] European 1950
Tunisia
[EUR-H] European 1950
Iran
[EUR-S] European 1950
MEAN FOR ED50 Near East
[PUK] Pulkovo 1942
Russia
MICRONESIAN_DATUMS
[AUA] Australian Geodetic 1966
Australia, Tasmania
[AUG] Australian Geodetic 1984
Australia, Tasmania
[BAT] Djakarta (Batavia)
Indonesia (Sumatra)
[CHI] Chatham Island Astro 1971
New Zealand (Chatham Island)
[GEO] Geodetic Datum 1949
New Zealand
[GSE] Gunung Segara
Indonesia (Kalimantan)
MISC_ISLAND_DATUMS
[AIA] Antigua Island Astro 1943
Antigua (Leeward Islands)
[AMA] American Samoa 1962
American Samoa Islands
[ANO] Anna 1 Astro 1965
Cocos Islands
[ASC] Ascension Island 1958
Ascension Island
[ASM] Montserrat Island Astro 1958
Montserrat (Leeward Islands)
[ASQ] Astronomical Station 1952
Marcus Island
[ATF] Astro Beacon E 1945
Iwo Jima
[BER] Bermuda 1957
Bermuda
[BUR] Bukit Rimpah
Indonesia (Bangka & Belitung Islands)
[CAO] Canton Astro 1966
Phoenix Islands
[DID] Deception Island
Deception Island, Antarctia
[DOB] GUX 1 Astro
Guadalcanal Island
[EAS] Easter Island 1967
Easter Island
[ENW] Wake-Eniwetok 1960
Marshall Islands
[FLO] Observatorio Meteorologico 1939
Azores (Corvo & Flores Islands)
[FOT] Fort Thomas 1955
Nevis, St. Kitts (Leeward Islands)
[GAA] Gan 1970
Republic of Maldives
[GIZ] DOS 1968
New Georgia Islands (Gizo Island)
[GRA] Graciosa Base SW 1948
Azores (Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, Terceira)
[GUA] Guam 1963
Guam
[IBE] Bellevue (IGN)
Efate & Erromango Islands
[ISG] ISTS 061 Astro 1968
South Georgia Islands
[IST] ISTS 073 Astro 1969
Diego Garcia
[JOH] Johnston Island 1961
Johnston Island
[KEG] Kerguelen Island 1949
Kerguelen Island
[KUS] Kusaie Astro 1951
Caroline Islands
[LCF] L. C. 5 Astro 1961
Cayman Brac Island
[MID] Midway Astro 1961
Midway Islands
[MIK] Mahe 1971
Mahe Island
[MVS] Viti Levu 1916
Fiji (Viti Levu Island)
[NAP] Naparima BWI
Trinidad & Tobago
[PHA] Ayabelle Lighthouse
Djibouti
[PIT] Pitcairn Astro 1967
Pitcairn Island
[PLN] Pico de las Nieves
Canary Islands
[POS] Porto Santo 1936
Porto Santo, Madeira Islands
[PUR] Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
[REU] Reunion
Mascarene Islands
[SAE] Santo (DOS) 1965
Espirito Santo Island
[SAO] Sao Braz
Azores (Sao Miguel, Santa Maria Islands)
[SAP] Sapper Hill 1943
East Falkland Island
[SGM] Selvagem Grande 1938
Salvage Islands
[SHB] Astro DOS 71/4
St Helena Island
[TDC] Tristan Astro 1968
Tristan da Cunha
[TRN] Astro Tern Island (FRIG) 1961
Tern Island
[WAK] Wake Island Astro 1952
Wake Atoll
[NAR-H] North American 1983
Hawaii
[OHA-A] Old Hawaiian
Hawaii
[OHA-B] Old Hawaiian
Kauai
[OHA-C] Old Hawaiian
Maui
[OHA-D] Old Hawaiian
Oahu
[OHA-M] Old Hawaiian
MEAN FOR Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Oahu
[DID] Deception Island
Deception Island, Antarctia
ANTARCTIC_DATUMS
[CAZ] Camp Area Astro
Antarctica (McMurdo Camp Area)
ELLIPSOID
[DATUM NAME ABBREVIATION] DATUM NAME
AREA OF COVERAGE
Airy 1830
[OGB-A] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
England
[OGB-B] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
England, Isle of Man, Wales
[OGB-C] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
Scotland, Shetland Islands
[OGB-D] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
Wales
[OGB-M] Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
MEAN FOR OSGB36
Modified Airy
[IRL] Ireland 1965
Ireland
Australian National
[ANO] Anna 1 Astro 1965
Cocos Islands
[AUA] Australian Geodetic 1966
Australia, Tasmania
[AUG] Australian Geodetic 1984
Australia, Tasmania
Bessel 1841 (Namibia)
[SCK] Schwarzeck
Namibia
[HER] Hermannskogel
Croatia,Serbia,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Slovenia
Bessel 1841
[BAT] Djakarta (Batavia)
Indonesia (Sumatra)
[BUR] Bukit Rimpah
Indonesia (Bangka & Belitung Islands)
[CCD] S-JTSK
Czechoslavakia (Prior 1 JAN 1993)
[GSE] Gunung Segara
Indonesia (Kalimantan)
[MAS] Massawa
Ethiopia (Eritrea)
[TOY-A] Tokyo
Japan
[TOY-B] Tokyo
South Korea
[TOY-C] Tokyo
Okinawa
[TOY-M] Tokyo
MEAN FOR Japan, South Korea, Okinawa Clarke 1866
[AMA] American Samoa 1962
American Samoa Islands
[BER] Bermuda 1957
Bermuda
[CAC] Cape Canaveral
Bahamas, Florida
[GUA] Guam 1963
Guam
[LCF] L. C. 5 Astro 1961
Cayman Brac Island
[LUZ-A] Luzon
Philippines (Excluding Mindanao)
[LUZ-B] Luzon
Philippines (Mindanao)
[NAS-A] North American 1927
MEAN FOR CONUS (East, Incl LA,MO,MN)
[NAS-B] North American 1927
MEAN FOR CONUS (West, Excl LA,MN,MO)
[NAS-C] North American 1927
MEAN FOR CONUS
[NAS-D] North American 1927
Alaska (Excluding Aleutian Ids)
[NAS-E] North American 1927
MEAN FOR Canada
[NAS-F] North American 1927
Canada (Alberta, British Columbia)
[NAS-G] North American 1927
Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec)
[NAS-H] North American 1927
Canada (Manitoba, Ontario)
[NAS-I] North American 1927
Canada (Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan)
[NAS-J] North American 1927
Canada (Yukon)
[NAS-L] North American 1927
Mexico
[NAS-N] North American 1927
MEAN FOR NAD27 Central America
[NAS-O] North American 1927
Canal Zone
[NAS-P] North American 1927
MEAN FOR NAD27 West Indies
[NAS-Q] North American 1927
Bahamas (Except San Salvador Island)
[NAS-R] North American 1927
Bahamas (San Salvador Island)
[NAS-T] North American 1927
Cuba
[NAS-U] North American 1927
Greenland (Hayes Peninsula)
[NAS-V] North American 1927
Alaska (Aleutian Ids East of 180W)
[NAS-W] North American 1927
Alaska (Aleutian Ids West of 180W)
[OHA-A] Old Hawaiian
Hawaii
[OHA-B] Old Hawaiian
Kauai
[OHA-C] Old Hawaiian
Maui
[OHA-D] Old Hawaiian
Oahu
[OHA-M] Old Hawaiian
MEAN FOR Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Oahu
[PUR] Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Clarke 1880
[ADI-A] Adindan
Ethiopia
[ADI-B] Adindan
Sudan
[ADI-C] Adindan
Mali
[ADI-D] Adindan
Senegal
[ADI-E] Adindan
Burkina Faso
[ADI-F] Adindan
Cameroon
[ADI-M] Adindan
MEAN FOR Ethiopia, Sudan
[AIA] Antigua Island Astro 1943
Antigua (Leeward Islands)
[ARF-A] Arc 1950
Botswana
[ARF-B] Arc 1950
Lesotho
[ARF-C] Arc 1950
Malawi
[ARF-D] Arc 1950
Swaziland
[ARF-E] Arc 1950
Zaire
[ARF-F] Arc 1950
Zambia
[ARF-G] Arc 1950
Zimbabwe
[ARF-H] Arc 1950
Burundi
[ARF-M] Arc 1950
MEAN FOR ARC50 (except Burundi)
[ARS] Arc 1960
MEAN FOR Kenya, Tanzania
[ASM] Montserrat Island Astro 1958
Montserrat (Leeward Islands)
[CAP] Cape
South Africa
[CGE] Carthage
Tunisia
[DAL] Dabola
Guinea
[DID] Deception Island
Deception Island, Antarctia
[FAH] Oman
Oman
[FOT] Fort Thomas 1955
Nevis, St. Kitts (Leeward Islands)
[LEH] Leigon
Ghana
[LIB] Liberia 1964
Liberia
[MER] Merchich
Morocco
[MIK] Mahe 1971
Mahe Island
[MIN-A] Minna
Cameroon
[MIN-B] Minna
Nigeria
[MPO] M'Poraloko
Gabon
[MVS] Viti Levu 1916
Fiji (Viti Levu Island)
[NAH-A] Nahrwan
Oman (Masirah Island)
[NAH-B] Nahrwan
United Arab Emirates
[NAH-C] Nahrwan
Saudi Arabia
[NSD] North Sahara 1959
Algeria
[PHA] Ayabelle Lighthouse
Djibouti
[PTB] Point 58
MEAN FOR Burkina Faso & Niger
[PTN] Pointe Noire 1948
Congo
[SLE] Sierra Leone 1960
Sierra Leone
[VOR] Voirol 1960
Algeria
Everest 1830
[IND-B] Indian
Bangladesh
[INF-A] Indian 1954
Thailand, Vietnam
[ING-A] Indian 1960
Vietnam (Near 16N)
[ING-B] Indian 1960
Vietnam (Con Son Island)
[INH-A] Indian 1975
Thailand
[KAN] Kandawala
Sri Lanka
Everest (Sabah & Sarawak)
[TIL] Timbalai 1948
Brunei, East Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)
Everest 1956
[IND-I] Indian
India, Nepal
Everest 1948
[KEA] Kertau 1948
West Malaysia & Singapore
Everest (Pakistan)
[IND-P] Indian
Pakistan
Modified Fischer 1960
[SOA] South Asia
Singapore
Helmert 1906
[OEG] Old Egyptian 1907
Egypt
Hough 1960
[ENW] Wake-Eniwetok 1960
Marshall Islands
Indonesian 1974
[IDN] Indonesian
Indonesia
International
[AIN-A] Ain el Abd 1970
Bahrain
[AIN-B] Ain el Abd 1970
Saudi Arabia
[ASC] Ascension Island 1958
Ascension Island
[ASQ] Astronomical Station 1952
Marcus Island
[ATF] Astro Beacon E 1945
Iwo Jima
[BID] Bissau
Guinea-Bissau
[BOO] Bogota Observatory
Colombia
[CAI] Campo Inchauspe
Argentina
[CAO] Canton Astro 1966
Phoenix Islands
[CAZ] Camp Area Astro
Antarctica (McMurdo Camp Area)
[CHI] Chatham Island Astro 1971
New Zealand (Chatham Island)
[CHU] Chua Astro
Paraguay
[COA] Corrego Alegre
Brazil
[DOB] GUX 1 Astro
Guadalcanal Island
[EAS] Easter Island 1967
Easter Island
[EUR-A] European 1950
MEAN FOR NW Europe
[EUR-B] European 1950
Greece
[EUR-C] European 1950
Finland, Norway
[EUR-D] European 1950
Portugal, Spain
[EUR-E] European 1950
Cyprus
[EUR-F] European 1950
Egypt
[EUR-G] European 1950
England, Channel Islands, Scotland, Shetland Islands
[EUR-H] European 1950
Iran
[EUR-I] European 1950
Italy (Sardinia)
[EUR-J] European 1950
Italy (Sicily)
[EUR-K] European 1950
England, Ireland, Scotland, Shetland Islands
[EUR-L] European 1950
Malta
[EUR-M] European 1950
MEAN FOR ED50 W Europe
[EUR-S] European 1950
MEAN FOR ED50 Near East
[EUR-T] European 1950
Tunisia
[EUS] European 1979
MEAN FOR ED79
[FLO] Observatorio Meteorologico 1939
Azores (Corvo & Flores Islands)
[GAA] Gan 1970
Republic of Maldives
[GEO] Geodetic Datum 1949
New Zealand
[GIZ] DOS 1968
New Georgia Islands (Gizo Island)
[GRA] Graciosa Base SW 1948
Azores (Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, Terceira)
[HEN] Herat North
Afghanistan
[HIT] Provisional South Chilean 1963
Chile (South, Near 53ØS) (Hito XVIII)
[HJO] Hjorsey 1955
Iceland
[HKD] Hong Kong 1963
Hong Kong
[HTN] Hu-Tzu-Shan
Taiwan
[IBE] Bellevue (IGN)
Efate & Erromango Islands
[ISG] ISTS 061 Astro 1968
South Georgia Islands
[IST] ISTS 073 Astro 1969
Diego Garcia
[JOH] Johnston Island 1961
Johnston Island
[KEG] Kerguelen Island 1949
Kerguelen Island
[KUS] Kusaie Astro 1951
Caroline Islands
[MID] Midway Astro 1961
Midway Islands
[MOD] Rome 1940
Italy (Sardinia)
[NAP] Naparima BWI
Trinidad & Tobago
[PIT] Pitcairn Astro 1967
Pitcairn Island
[PLN] Pico de las Nieves
Canary Islands
[POS] Porto Santo 1936
Porto Santo, Madeira Islands
[PRP-A] Provisional South American 1956
Bolivia
[PRP-B] Provisional South American 1956
Chile (Northern, Near 19ØS)
[PRP-C] Provisional South American 1956
Chile (Southern, Near 43ØS)
[PRP-D] Provisional South American 1956
Colombia
[PRP-E] Provisional South American 1956
Ecuador
[PRP-F] Provisional South American 1956
Guyana
[PRP-G] Provisional South American 1956
Peru
[PRP-H] Provisional South American 1956
Venezuela
[PRP-M] Provisional South American 1956
MEAN FOR PSAD56
[QAT] Qatar National
Qatar
[QUO] Qornoq
Greenland (South)
[REU] Reunion
Mascarene Islands
[SAE] Santo (DOS) 1965
Espirito Santo Island
[SAO] Sao Braz
Azores (Sao Miguel, Santa Maria Islands)
[SAP] Sapper Hill 1943
East Falkland Island
[SGM] Selvagem Grande 1938
Salvage Islands
[SHB] Astro DOS 71/4
St Helena Island
[TAN] Tananarive Observatory 1925
Madagascar
[TDC] Tristan Astro 1968
Tristan da Cunha
[TRN] Astro Tern Island (FRIG) 1961
Tern Island
[WAK] Wake Island Astro 1952
Wake Atoll
[YAC] Yacare
Uruguay
[ZAN] Zanderij
Suriname
Krassovsky
[AFG] Afgooye
Somalia
[PUK] Pulkovo 1942
Russia
[SPK-A] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Albania
[SPK-C] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Czechoslavakia
[SPK-H] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Hungary
[SPK-K] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Kazakhstan
[SPK-L] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Latvia
[SPK-P] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Poland
[SPK-R] S-42 (Pulkovo 1942)
Romania
GRS 1980
[KOR] Korean Geodetic System
South Korea
[NAR-A] North American 1983
Alaska (Excluding Aleutian Islands)
[NAR-B] North American 1983
Canada
[NAR-C] North American 1983
CONUS
[NAR-D] North American 1983
Mexico, Central America
[NAR-E] North American 1983
Aleutian Ids
[NAR-H] North American 1983
Hawaii
South American 1969
[SAN-A] South American 1969
Argentina
[SAN-B] South American 1969
Bolivia
[SAN-C] South American 1969
Brazil
[SAN-D] South American 1969
Chile
[SAN-E] South American 1969
Colombia
[SAN-F] South American 1969
Ecuador
[SAN-G] South American 1969
Guyana
[SAN-H] South American 1969
Paraguay
[SAN-I] South American 1969
Peru [69]
[SAN-J] South American 1969
Ecuador (Baltra, Galapagos)
[SAN-K] South American 1969
Trinidad & Tobago
[SAN-L] South American 1969
Venezuela
[SAN-M] South American 1969
MEAN FOR SAD69
WGS 66
[W66] WGS 1966
Global Definition I
WGS 72
[W72] WGS 1972
Global Definition I
WGS 84
[W84] WGS 1984
Global Definition II
PROJECTION NAME, PROJECTION ABBREVIATION
Albers, ALB
Azimuthal Equidistant, AED
Cylindrical Equal Area, CEA
Equidistant Conic, EDC
Lambert Conformal Conic, LCC
Lambert Equal Area, LEA
Mercator, MRC
Oblique Mercator, OMA
Orthographic, ORT
Rectangular, REC
Stereographic, STE
Transverse Mercator, TMR
GRID NAME : DATUM
Universal Transverse Mercator 84 : WGS 1984
Lambert Conformal Conic US : WGS 1984
Military Grid Reference System 84 : WGS 1984
Universal Polar Stereographic 84 : WGS 1984
British National Grid : Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
Irish Transverse Mercator : Ireland 1965
Netherlands East Indies : Djakarta (Batavia)
Datum Transformation and Coordinate Conversion4, DTCC4 DTCC4.DOC
Perspective Scene PSCENE.DOC
Perspective Scene Application Reference PSC_UG.DOC
Line of Sight LOS.DOC
Line of Sight Application Reference LOS_UG.DOC
VPFView VPFVIEW.DOC
VPFView User's Guide VPFV_UG.DOC
Raster Importer RAST_IMP.DOC
Raster Importer Users Guide RAST_UG.DOC
Vector Importer VPF_IMP.DOC
Vector Importer Users Guide VPFI_UG.DOC
Fusion FUSION.DOC
Fusion Users Guide FUS_UG.DOC
Access and Prepare NIMA Digital Data APNDD.DOC
Build Your Own Map BYOM.DOC
Run Specialty Applications RSA.DOC
NIMAMUSE 2.1 Documentation INTRO.DOCINTRO.DOC